An Experience That Helped Me Grow Up

An experience that helped you understand purpose of Life: When God created this universe, he created each every particle in it with a certain purpose and with a certain design in mind. And that is what our belief in our religion tells us that no one is superior or inferior in front of Allah but it’s our deeds that make us superior or inferior in front of our creator. Our deeds are determined by our performance in the tasks that Allah gives us throughout our lives.My maturity in conceiving the purpose of life didn’t come naturally but it was achieved when I witnessed the life events of one of my closest friend and the way she coped with each and every challenge of life with an open mind and with great composure on her part. My best childhood and school friend Hiba was with me since 6th grade and she was well known among all her friend circle to be very charming not because of her good looks but more because of the way she always had the positive perspective for every eve nt happening around us.She was the one in our friend group whom we all used to look up to whenever we were stuck in little mischieviious and innocent situations of school life without knowing the fact that God is going put her through such big challenges of life where she will be all alone dealing with the high tides of this world. It was pleasant morning of winters and the school day began with usual exchange of pleasantries between classmates. Hiba was smiling and mischievous as usual and our 10th grade class teacher began the day with taking our attendance.Almost two lectures have gone by when a PA to principal came to our class and told Hiba to report the principal as soon as possible. A few minutes later we came to know that Hiba’s parents had died in road accident on the motorway. There whole class room went into complete silence and we had no difficulty imagining how hard this news will be for Hiba, who was the eldest among the sisters. She was a brilliant student and had always wanted to be a doctor. That evening all friends went to the Hiba’s home to pay our condolences and to our amazement Hiba was sitting all composed and calm.The only words we heard from her mouth were the pray that May god give her strength to be a support for her sisters and even at those tough times she was thankful to God for all the blessings He had bestowed open the family. Listening to her saying that prayer I felt as if we all are very immature about our perspective of living and also knew at that moment that God will become her greatest strength and will pull her and her sisters out of this situation and will bless her more than she will ever think of.That day I learned that we should be thankful to our God for every single breath of our life and instead of asking Him for more we should thank Him for what he has already given us. And we should never idealize too much instead we should be prepared to stand against every challenge, life throws at us and we shou ldn’t find strength in our weaknesses and lust for life but our main strength lies in our belief in Allah and what we have today right here right at the moment.Today Hiba is studying medicine on scholarship in one of the top university of Pakistan. And she is also managing her whole house with the money her father left for the family. I amm sure the day is not far away when she will be a famous doctor of Pakistan. We as persons and as a nation needs to understand that God gives challenges only to those who have the strength to bear them and belief in God is the most important ingredient of life which one should never forget.

Psalm 1, 23, 32

Psalm 1, 23, 32 Psalm 1, 23 and 32 is from the bible and these Psalms praise to the God by people. It is also the worship to God and shows that another way for pursuit of happiness is singing the Psalms or praising the God because people who believe in God think that they can be protect from troubles and forgiven their sins by God. By trusting that the God, they believe that they will be safe and not need to worry about their starvation or survival. They believe that God will provide them with all needs and even protects from their enemies.Psalm 1 describes about the three characteristics of a blessed man, and how he mediated with the law of the lord. The blessed man compared the God with a tree panted by the rivers of water, which yields its fruit I season and whose leaf does not wither. Whatever he does prosper. † The blessed man also compared the ungodly in the fourth sentence. He also mentions that the ungodly will not stand in the judgment and the sinners will not stand in the congregation of the righteous.He mentions that only the God know the way of the righteous. Psalm 23 is about the God is our shepherd, and describes about where the God lead us (2,3). It also describes about how the God restore the blessed man’s souls and guides him in the way of righteousness. In the fourth sentence, the blessed man describes about how people do not have fear when they walk through the valley of death and the fifth sentence describes that God has always prepare for us.The last sentence describes about how goodness and love follows us all the days of our life by God. Psalm 32 is about who is blessed (1,2) by God and describes about the result when one does not confess his sins (3,4). It also talks about the psalmist deal with his sins (5) and how the God would guide him (8). Finally, the ninth sentence mentions about what we are not to like as horse or mule (9).

Britannica online

The early explorers are reported to have found wild cotton growing in the lowlands of Mississippi river and its tributaries that was generally regarded as the birth of cotton culture in America (Hunter p. 1918,pg1-50). The cotton growing in South and U. S gain precedent with the invention of the cotton gin in 1973 by Ely Whitney. The machine enabled quick processing of cotton as the cotton fiber would easily be separated from the seeds.The new revolution in agriculture came with slavery, since the success of plantation farming based on labor intensive techniques was directly linked to how a landowner was to procure workers(Britannica online. 2008). In Georgia, the whites bought slaves in large numbers. So, this expectation of a bumper cotton crop in the region ,not only changed the state's agricultural practice but also resulted in enslavement of thousands of people (New Georgia Encyclopedia). This geared up to a hike of demand for slave on the international slave trade.And as a resu lt, slavery and cotton had a great influence on the states that left indelible marks on international scene. The demand for cotton in domestic U. S resulted in developed, vast transportation networks that connected the farms,rivers and on to major ports. Though during the early days before the cotton boom of 18300s, the class difference was fused, the whites worked together with blacks, who comprised most the slavery gang of the plantations. Countries in central Georgia were transformed from slave to free labor. The ready market provided by Britain textile industries for the U.S cotton earned the country much foreign exchange. By 1920s, cotton products contributed to more than 50% of the U. S exports(Gieser James. 2004. New Georgia Britannica,). Cotton generally controlled agrarian economy of the south. The large southern cotton plantations were much profitable. The high earnings from cotton industry not only provided the economy with required foreign exchange but also resulted in a beefed power and influence on foreign affairs as the case of the south confederates. They became confident in power and influence of the king cotton,because it contributed to more than half of the U.S exports before the civil war. The southern confederates boasted that the importance of cotton would result into diplomatic recognition on the international scene and from the federal government, a recipe of the civil war (Gieser James. 2004. New Georgia Britannica). The overall growth of cotton production in Georgia between 1825 and 1860 was about 10 % and the southeast parts of the country were much preferred because they were seen as the great cotton regions that could yield the country a lot of sales from the high production that was accepted.The sustained increase in cotton production in the south of Georgia between these years led to change in population of America tremendously. In 1850 the US was seen as the greatest exporter of cotton and did a lot of manufacturing of cotton pr oducts that was more than the Great Britain industry(Hunter P,1918,pg 1-50). The cotton exports to Britain, marked the new era of industrial revolution in great Britain, this spread rapidly to other places and to U. S after the civil war in the country.There was sprout of new cities like Dallas and Phoenix that were transformed to modern urban bases,they grew rapidly as market and collection centers and manufacturing plants. Phoenix provided market for cotton needed for use in clothing,tires and fabric industries. However, the cotton farming in the south and U. S had a negative contribution to the spheres of life, in that,the immigrants from Europe and Africa flocked American cities to seek employment opportunities in manufacturing plants. This resulted to a surge in population and the creation of a class economy, where the whites were mostly employers for black slave gang.This, magnified economic slavery in states. The boast of power and influence by the confederates especially the southern confederates, was a precursor to the country's civil war and subsequently had a great influence on the political scene of the states. Political movements were formed that resulted in democratic struggles in the country. This marked the birth of democracy and the end of dark era of slavery in the states. Although cotton farming in South and USA depicted her negatively as a result of slave trade activities, it had a tremendous influence on economic,social and political scenes of the countries.It led to expanded sphere of influence by the U. S as she dominated cotton market. Most of the cities like Dallas and Phoenix expanded tremendously as a result of growth of cotton manufacturing plants. On social scene, the manufacturing firms provided employment to millions of people including the slaves as the gap between the slaves and white farmers was covered, during the cotton boom of 1830s Moreover, the labor laws were changed that allowed free interaction between the black slaves and their white lords.Reference:Britannica online. (2008) King cotton. http://www. britannica. com/eb/topic-318402/King-Cotton Gieser James C (. 2004) New Georgia Encyclopedia. Published on5/26/2004land and resources http://www. georgiaencyclopedia. org/nge/Article. jsp? id=h-2087 Hunter, P. (1918): cotton growth and spread in other parts of the world. State board of entomol. Bull, pp, 1-50.

Citizenship education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Citizenship education - Essay Example In most economies, education is a right to each and every citizen with permanent citizenship and they stretch education privileges to non-nationals who are democratically/ legally living in these states as outlined in the national task on citizenship education (Tilly, 2007, pp.13-16). Citizenship education can be viewed in two perspectives of immigrants or as a subject. As a subject it is designed to associate the learners with the cultural, social, and economic activities with the best approach as supported by Herbert and Kertz (2012, p.26) Bloor (2010, p.24) claims that â€Å"Citizenship education for immigrants is designed to prepare non-nationals/ non-citizens on their dos and don’ts so as to become legally and socially accepted as citizens of these states either on a permanent or temporal basis†. ... free interaction by people in a country exercising their rights and freedom, and taking part in legal and political activities of that country without discrimination. This forms the basis of a free and fair exchange of cultural diversities. Citizenship education platform can be gauged by multiculturalism in a state which can be simply described as a demographic make- up of the society at certain organizational levels such as schools, neighbourhoods, and cities within the state. Alternatively, Osler and Starkey (2006) define multiculturalism as â€Å"ideologies or policies that that promote institutionalization of diversified desires of human kind to express their identity in the manner they deem fit like equal respect of different cultures in the society and opportunities entitlement†(p. 11). They argue that for multiculturalism to hold a great measure of democracy needs to be put in place. An Intercultural citizen can be viewed as one who appropriately adapts valued rules, no rms and expectations of a given foreign state for a healthy relationship with the citizens and who effectively values the state’s goals and/or rewards in line with the society. This is to mean that intercultural citizen is knowledgeable enough and competent to interact freely with foreign cultures through understanding specific concepts of these cultures like perception, thoughts and feelings. Citizenship education, multiculturalism and intercultural citizenship are related in that for appropriate education, economies with multiculturalism have to come up with policies and regulations to govern interactions of foreign students/cultures and their establishment in terms of education and coexistence as described by Osler and Starkey(2005, p.11). For instance, multicultural economies will have to

Why should we belive in a religion Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Why should we belive in a religion - Term Paper Example At the same, consideration of human religiosity involves accepting the freedom of a personal choice. This means that every person has the right to take the religion that most accurately fits his/her worldview and life expectancy. This paper defends the idea of a special significance of religion for the life of both the individual and society as a whole. To begin with, the special status of religion and religiosity was claimed in ancient Greek philosophy (Hare). Moreover, almost the majority of Greek philosophy was riddled with the idea of the existence of a divine origin, and every philosopher gave it his own interpretation. Socrates and Plato pointed out the particular importance of religion in human life. They considered religion in close connection with ethics as a science of the right human behavior and actions. According to this position, the person as a rational being should have to follow the religious principles that affirm the universality and high status of ethical principles. In one of Platos dialogues namely Euthyphro, Socrates makes it clear that the gods are just and moral beings, and therefore faith in them allows a person to observe justice in this world. After many centuries, another philosopher Immanuel Kant addresses religion as well. As part of his concept, Kant says that a man cannot reliably prove the existenc e of God, since the knowledge of the world is limited by sensory experience that does not reveal the true nature of things (Rohlf). For this reason, Kant exposes the harsh criticism of the evidence for the existence of God, the soul and immortality. Nevertheless, despite this understanding, the philosopher draws attention to the importance of religion as a basis for human ethics. Based on the existence of the moral law requiring people to follow it, Kant asserts the necessity of postulating the existence of God and the immortality of the soul. Only by admitting the existence of God, able to observe the good and the

Discourse Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discourse Analysis - Essay Example Critical discourse analysis has been widely used in educational research. On most occasions by educators or teachers who are keen in understanding and addressing issues that have to deal with their professional practice and activities (Widdowson, 2007). Most people enter the field of education, because they are concerned with issues dealing with equality, power and justice. It is therefore not a surprise that critical discourse analysis is able to give an appealing approach for an educator to understand on how issues in education affect them. Furthermore, through discourse analysis, educators have the capability of linking the details of an everyday practice, to a wide political and social (Schiffrin, Tannen and Hamilton, 2001). Discourse analysis would help in solving a research problem in education, mostly because it provides a basis in which a researcher understands some problems in research question, that are difficult for them to understand. Take for example, a research in higher education administration that seeks to analyze the effects of reduced government spending. The discourses under consideration would be funded research, constrained budget, and academic standards (Widdowson, 2007). By carefully analyzing these discourses, the researcher would get the ability of understanding an approach to use in answering the research

Personal Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Personal Financial Management - Essay Example Retirement plan is nothing but a plan which replaces our employment income after we retire. In terms of tax, retirement plan is defined by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) code in US. Dream of leading a secured and comfortable retired life can come true only with proper retirement planning. A plan to transfer ones estate after death is known as estate planning. Estate includes all the personal properties like cash, land, houses, jewelry, investment accounts, etc. Estate planning is done to ensure and fulfill certain objectives like transferring most of the estate to ones beneficiaries, least payment of taxes for the estate, etc. Estate planning is a continuous process and should start immediately when a person has a measurable base of assets (Gitman, Joehnk & Billingsley, 2010, p.18). Estate plans should be in accordance with ones goals and objectives in life. Loved ones can face undue financial burden due to inadequate estate planning. Four Aspects of Retirement Planning Retiremen t planning can be thought of as a framework which includes four main aspects (Prudential Financial, n.d). They are: i. Social Security: Social Security is an insurance program that provides several benefits to individuals like, retirement benefits, disability benefits, etc. ii. Employment based plans: These are retirement plans provided by employers to the employees. It includes defined contribution and benefit pension plans. iii. Personal Savings: The returns on investments made by individuals that can add up to the Social Security Benefits or Employment based plans. It includes options like IRAs, Bank Deposits, Mutual Funds, Annuities, etc. iv. Retirement Choices: For retirement security, lifestyle and financial choices play a significant role. Lifestyle choices include choice of retirement age, place of retirement, etc. Financial choices include allocation of assets in retirement, conversion of assets to income and then protecting that income. The Retirement Planning Process and Personal Retirement Plan The retirement planning process constitutes several steps. These steps are discussed one by one and how it relates with my personal retirement planning is also discussed below. The first step in a retirement planning process includes setting own personal goals and objectives in life. Next these objectives have to be arranged in descending order of priority. Also these objectives should have the time horizon included in it. These objectives can be revised and changed in due course of time. Now this step can be related to my case in the following way: My personal objectives in life arranged in decreasing order of priority with time horizon mentioned along with it are: 1. Maintain the standard of living on retirement at the age of 50 after 20 years. 2. Buying an expensive motor car within 2 years. 3. Buying a home within 5 years. 4. To make a mortgage investment within 10 years. 5. Paying off all the mortgage bonds within 20 years. The second step is about calc ulating and determining the money required for fulfilling each of the objectives. All the household incomes and expenditures are to be calculated and the difference is also to be calculated. Present value of money should be considered while doing the calculations and the annual inflation rate should also be taken into account. This can be applied in my personal retir

Norwalk Agreement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Norwalk Agreement - Essay Example The FASB sets the accounting standards in the US, while the IASB performs a parallel function on an international level. Subsequently, the FASB and the IASB met on several occasions to reaffirm their commitment to the earlier agreement. This they did so in April and October of 2005 and on February 27, 2006 reconvened for the purpose of drafting a blueprint of convergence between the FASB’s GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) and the IASB’s IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards), to be implemented between 2006 and 2008 (Gibson 65). Short-term topics were laid out on the table subject to examination by both or individually by either of the parties as well as major topics. In July 2007, performance reporting was tackled where a proposal to change the layout of the face of financial statements was made. Recent events, such SEC’s announcement of acceptance of IFRS in lieu of GAAP and an agreement signed by Bush allowing use of IFRS instead of G AAP, show a likelihood of adoption of a substantially modified IFRS and the elimination of the US GAAP (Gibson 65; Fletcher 1-4). References: (2002) The Norwalk Agreement. Fletcher, Leslie. Update on the Norwalk Agreement: Progress Towards IFRS?GAAP Harmonization. 29 October 2009.

Applied statistics for finance and economics Coursework

Applied statistics for finance and economics - Coursework Example The spread of recession globally made share prices go down dramatically. Changes in pricing is a fundamental aspect in chart analysis. Traders usually watch out for stocks assuming a certain direction or impressions of a possible stock price change (McWhirter, 2008). Momentum becomes a dealers partner if well analyzed and identified. The assumed logic behind price momentum is that price movements are random. A popular argument among many is that share prices change fast to portray new information and new information cannot be predicted. This, therefore, means trend analysis does not lead to a better long term performance. The actions of market participants usually determine price momentum. Traders being opportunistic the way they are, orders tend to be placed once a given direction is determined on stock price. The more sales is experienced the upward or the downward form is increased. This trend proceeds until word is out that a new trend now warrants selling or buying the stock. Price direction now becomes chaotic nevertheless not random. Taking the case of random walk argument trends will be seen on a random manner. A good example is tossing a coin. No matter how many you toss it and land on tails the last five times, the probability in coin toss will always remain on 50%. Take another example on roulette wheel ball. The previous spins doesn’t necessarily mean that one might land on red or black. The rate sits steadily on 47%. Traders who follow the random walk theory note that the timing of new data and news is not predictable. They also note that that stock prices change very fast with th e coming of new information, The constant variation of stock market is the simple definition of volatility. Suppose today the stock market goes up, tomorrow it goes down it goes up again in the following five days, then this is called volatility of stock. The most common cause for this

The Strategy of Alaska in Saudi Arabia Term Paper

The Strategy of Alaska in Saudi Arabia - Term Paper Example Alaska has an established Alaska Permanent Fund (APF)  that requires the government to invest at least a quarter of the revenue it earns from oil on behalf of its citizens. From these investments the APF has diversified mutual fund that has accumulated into a huge resource base in form of asset to the tune of about $28 billion dollar according to a report released in 2004 (Alaska Oil and Gas Association, 2015). Each year the government injects some amount from the oil revenue while they pay a dividend to the citizens annually through the Permanent Fund Divided scheme. For instance, in 2014 the government paid its citizens a total of $1,884 for each qualified Alaskan. The funds are managed through Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Alaska, oil revenue contributes about 92 percent of the total government revenue as of the year 2011. Half of the corporate shares are in the ownership of private and public pension and retirement schemes while individuals own 20% while 27% is owned by asset management companies and financial institutions (Alaska Oil and Gas Association, 2015). The board members and corporate executives own the remaining 3%. This has an implication that when the oil sector is performing well the benefits trickles down to the citizens equitably either through returns from mutual fund investments, pensions, etc. (Dyer & Al-Ghwell, 2012). Therefore, oil earnings benefit the citizens in many way including dividends, better economic growth from states and federal revenues, capital projects, and employment opportunities.

Management Accounting Assesssment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Management Accounting Assesssment - Coursework Example On the basis of such information, management formulates the future strategy to be followed to retain its competitiveness in the industry. In the contemporary environment, organisations are paying special attention to two main factors. The first one is associated with incorporation of continuous improvement in the operations of the organisation and the second one is monitoring the cost with help of an advanced and flexible accounting system. In this given project, both these factors will be discussed, drawing examples from Corus. At the beginning, a brief introduction about Corus will be given and later on issues associated with continues improvement and flexible costing system will be discussed. Finally, a conclusion will be drawn to summarise the information gathered in the project. About Corus Corus is the second largest steel producer in Europe with its main operations in UK and Netherlands. It is a subsidiary of Tata Steel, one among the world’s top ten steel manufacturers . ... The company pays special attention towards the changing needs of its international customer base. Tata is an Indian conglomerate that operates in chemical, telecommunication, consumers goods, automotive and leisure industry. The Corus exclusively consumes 6.5 million tonnes of iron ore and 2 million tonnes of coal each year to produce 4.3 million tonnes of steels. Its principle production site is at Scunthorpe that alone employees 5,500 people who work in 2,000 acres of area. The steel produced by Corus is used for production of rail, steel products, steel rods and steel plates. The production units of Corus are highly conscious about sustainable development; hence the company is making investments to minimise emission of carbon and other greenhouse gases. With time, demand for steel in developing nations like China and India will grow further. On the other hand, international organisations are constantly increasing pressure on the steel producers to minimise the negative impact on t he environment. Therefore, while formulating the future strategy for the Corus, its management is likely to pay special attention to these vital issues. Benefit of continuous improvement in Corus What is Continuous Improvement- The term ‘continuous improvement’ is derived from the Japanese word â€Å"Kaizen† which means making changes that bring about betterment in the overall processes in an organisation. This comprises of IT, engineering, financial, commercial, customer services and manufacturing related processes. It essentially involves making small changes in the process instead of making big changes intermittently. This calls for a close supervision of the overall business processes and exercising a tight control. Parties

The major reasons for the declining in communal life in the pacific Essay Example for Free

The major reasons for the declining in communal life in the pacific Essay Below is a free essay on Discuss The Major Reasons For The Decline Of Commu from Anti Essays, your source for free research papers, essays, and term paper examples. Plan Title: Discuss the major reasons for the decline of communal life in the Pacific. C: Decline in Communal Life L: Reasons; Pacific D: Argue Context: Every society in the Pacific searches for ways to maintain their inherited ways of life and preserve their unique culture Subject: Communal Life Limited Subject: Decline in Communal life in the Pacific Issue: What are the major reasons for the decline in communal life in the Pacific? Thesis statement: The major reasons for the decline in communal life in the Pacific are threefold: Sociocultural evolution, Changes in life style and Economical issues. Supports for the thesis: Main idea 1: Sociocultural evolution One of the foremost reasons for the decline in communal life in the Pacific is the sociocultural evolution Supporting idea a: Education The primary sociocultural reason for the decline of communal life in the Pacific is education Details: Human/women/children rights freedom generation gap Supporting idea b: Greed and self interest The next sociocultural reason for the decline in communal life in the Pacific is greed and self-interest Details: Demand for ownership of land Poor leaders making unreliable decisions that affect everybody in the communal areas people are more concerned about their own family and their needs and wants Main idea 2: Changes in lifestyle Secondly, the reason for the decline in communal life in the Pacific is due to the changes in lifestyle of people in communal settlements. Supporting idea a: Loss of values The most basic change in lifestyle reason for the decline in communal life in the Pacific is the loss of values Details: Intermarriages individualism Conflicts of interest Supporting idea b: Westernization and Mass media Likewise, another change in lifestyle reason for the decline in communal life in the Pacific is the effects of mass media and westernization Details: Changes in

Millennium Schools in Ecuador: Role to Improving Creativity

Millennium Schools in Ecuador: Role to Improving Creativity Are Millennium Schools a Solution to Improve Creativity Education in Ecuador? Abstract In this research paper we will talk about the millennium schools in Ecuador and its role to improve creativity in the countrys school. The goal is to show what the millennium schools are and explain why the government invests so much in these schools that they can not improve the creativity of education. So when we look a little deeper into this matter we can see that there are many irregularities with these millennium schools that are part of the governments flagship projects. We will identify the main problems of these schools and will explain in an easy way the reason why these are not the best option to improve the creativity in the education of the country. These are the things we will see in this research paper, from a brief explanation of the millennium schools to explain why these schools are just a waste of money. Keywords: Millennium school, creativity, education, government. Investing in education means investing in hope (Pope Francisco, 2015).ÂÂ   These words make a lot of sense for todays society because with education we can change the future and create hope for a better future. Each country has its way of investing in education in the case of the government of Ecuador was invested in a new type of schools called millennium schools. This idea of creating schools of the millennium emerged in 2005 that Ecuador along with 147 other countries subscribed to the declaration of the millennium. The government of Rafael Correa inaugurated the first school of the millennium in the year 2008. With this new type of schools it was thought to improve the creativity in Ecuadorian education and this to create a better future for Ecuador. Its objective was to change the traditional form of education that the country used. These millennium schools are very much criticized and are called white elephant, because they do not fulfill what is expected and cost much mor e money than a common school. Many people also think that it is unfair to invest a lot of money in building only a few schools and the vast majority of schools remain the same, with very poor infrastructure. Millennial schools are the same as ordinary schools and do not lead to change or improvement of education for the following reasons: firstly, millennium schools have a modern structure, but use same education system as traditional schools; secondly they are white elephant; and finally, they may be end with a new political regime. 1. Modern infrastructure but the same system First of all, we will start by talking about one of the main problems of the millennium schools, millennium schools have an excellent infrastructure compared to the other schools in Ecuador, but they have the same education system as the rest of Ecuadorian schools. These millennium schools are fully equipped with labs and classrooms but do not have teachers trained for this new type of school. In all of Ecuador there are only 64 millennium schools built totally and another 57 that are being built or is planned its construction. This means that only a small group of students in the country will benefit from these millennium schools. While investing a large amount of money in schools of the millennium the great majority of schools in Ecuador have a poor structure that needs to improve urgently. In millennium schools creativity is not encouraged as planned because these schools have the same education system as the other schools in the country. For these reasons the schools of the mille nnium do not help to increase the development of the creativity in the Ecuador because they have the same system of education. So all this investment does not change the education of Ecuador. 2. Why they are calledwhite elephant? Another problem is that millennium schools are called white elephants because people think that these schools are not going to progress and they are only a useless expense of the government that does not worry in solving the main problem of the little creativity in the basic school. The construction of the millennium schools is surrounded by many irregularities. One of these irregularities is its construction. These schools have budgeted a price and in the end always cost a few more than the initial price of construction. People in Ecuador are angry because they invest a lot in these schools alone and there are very few schools with proper infrastructure in Ecuador. For these reasons people think that this project is not sustainable and does not help the development of Ecuador. These millennium schools are just an act of populism of the government since it builds them very few. For the things written above is that many people say that the schools of the millennium are a white elephan t that is determined to fail because of its high costs of construction and because it has the same educational system that is the rest of the schools in the country. 3. The project may end with a new political regime. A very serious problem of these millennium schools is that they could end if the government of Rafael Correa comes out of power. With a new system of government the schools of the millennium would be stagnant. Currently the Ecuadorian government has many economic problems due to the low price of oil. The next government to be elected in 2017 will not have the resources to complete the construction of the millennium schools and would leave that project in the trash. This means that the following elections in Ecuador will define what will happen with many emblematic projects that the current regime has. It is very possible that the next president of Ecuador will cancel the millennium schools and other projects. Conclusion In summary there are many negative aspects in the millennium schools that show us that these schools can not be able to improve creativity in the educational system of Ecuador. The correct thing would be to invest to improve all the schools of the country at the same time and to change the educational system of education. It would be necessary to start with basic education from teachers, parents and students. In order to fulfill the goal of 21st century education, the millennium schools must change the old boring and memorable education to a new education in which the creativity of all is important. So the first thing that should be done is for the government to stop constructing new schools and to invest in improving the infrastructure of the schools that already exist in the country. When all the schools in the country have a new infrastructure, it will begin to improve creative education. In conclusion the millennium schools are very expensive to build and are not a solution to im prove the creativity in Ecuadorian education. References Compton, Robert. (2011). The Finland phenomenon. Recovered from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xm1zbC18j-w Childress, Sarah (2007) A Young Tinkerer Builds a Windmill, Electrifying a Nation Segal, Susan (2016) The case for disruption in Latin Americas classrooms Ossola, Alexandra. (2014). Scientists Are More Creative Than You Might Imagine. The atlantic.

The Erg Theory Of Motivation Business Essay

The Erg Theory Of Motivation Business Essay Human Resource Management (HRM) means managing people effectively in order to achieve the goals and objectives of any organizations, small or big. More sophistically, HRM involves all management decisions and practices that directly affect or influence the people, or human resources, who work for the organization. Corporations today have increased their attention towards managing human capital effectively. The reason behind this notion is that employees enable an organization to achieve its goals and that managing human capital is critical to an organizations success. According to David A. Decenzo and S.P Robbins Human resources management is a process consisting of the acquisition, development, motivation and maintenance of human resource. According to Barry Cushway Human resources management can be defined as a range of strategies. Processes and activities designed to support corporate objectives by integrating the need of the organization and the individual that comprise it. The goal of human resource management is to help an organization to meet strategic goals by attracting, and maintaining employees and also to manage them effectively. I.e. a HRM approach seeks to ensure a fit between the management of an organizations employees, and the overall strategic direction of the company (Miller, 1989). HRM activities The Human Resources Management (HRM) function includes a variety of activities, and key among them is deciding how to motivate your staff, ensuring they are high performers, dealing with performance issues, and ensuring your personnel and management practices conform to various regulations. Activities also include managing your approach to employee benefits and compensation, employee records and personnel policies. Motivation views Motivation is the acceptance to work hard in order to achieve organisational goal. This is internal state of mind which moves a worker to set himself up for the target. Motivation is a chain of process which helps an individual to identify his intensity, set towards the right direction and make efforts to get his goal. ERG Theory of Motivation Maslows needs theory is very famous but Clayton Alderfer redefined this theory to make it more applicable. This rework is called ERG Theory Of Motivation. Alderfer reshaped Marslows hierarchy of needs into three different and broader sections of need. ERG Theory Existence Relatedness Growth Existence Needs This information includes the basic necessities. Every human has some material needs. Like physical and psychological demands. These needs are attached with every individual since he is born and leaves him when he is dead. In HR these needs play a vital role in a workers life. These needs urge him to get motivated and strive to get success. Relatedness Needs Man is a social animal. He likes to be praised. Ideals are made to follow their footsteps. At work, supervisors and managers became role models. Their subordinate works hard for fame and recognition. It is also very common in co-workers. Growth Needs Like physical growth, everyone wishes to get advanced in his corporate life. In this category, a worker realises his potential and develop his skills and eventually develop himself. Implication of ERG theory Managers must realise that every worker has his own individuality. He has his own personal needs. So at the same time, workers different needs must be satisfied to get him motivated. Introduction of IKEA I choose IKEA Company for investigate and examine HR activities. As it is Scandinavian style. Most of the furniture is from Ikea flat pack Ikea consumers ready to be assembled, internationally known as the home installation approved retailers. This cost of the packaging can be reduced. IKEA has a range of 9,500 products, including furniture and accessories. Performance management IKEA evaluates its employee performance through the human resource system and one of the subsystems. In the appraisal system, customer services and sale people are evaluated in target achievement. The bonus is paid if they achieved agreed target for the job. IKEA set the performance appraisal standards are based on their strategic goals and job analysis job descriptions. Their immediate managers follow up the targets which subordinates have achieved. Based on the target achieved managers measure and indicate the performance compared with the standards and performance of other subordinates. If the target is achieved or exceed relevant person get bonus. Other employees are evaluated by work performance in their job types and contribution towards the department. IKEAs employees are aware about their job objectives and targets. Performance of them is measured by the line mangers and report during the year. End of the year company has performance review. The evaluation is made on a point scale. The results are reflected in remuneration. Superior discusses the evaluation result individually with each employee in order to seek high level of understanding. Motivational problems in IKEA It is believed that human resources function play vital role not only development but also in development and connection of all employees in the organization. The human resources function of IKEA, it is expected, enables its to develop and deliver services that target their most important assets that are the people. It is however noted that human resources makes sure that services respond to what matters most to the employee. In IKEA, the sale of Stockport branch (Cheshire) is currently suffering from fewer sales for last six months. The sales team has hired new staff but still there is no big change in sales. The staffs are not achieving their targets so this branch is suffering not from external but internal issues of staff. The main issues, which are observed in this branch, are following: Training The old staffs were not as trained as the new is. Consequently the experienced people are de motivated as they think that fresh breed is generating more profit. Ultimately they stopped working hard. Career There was no further career development in this branch. Mostly workers relied what they have achieved and were satisfied at their current positions. Therefore there wasnt any progress in job positions and bonuses. Evaluation On the above account, Human resource performance is regularly and meticulously monitored by the organization on yearly basis through employee appraisal. This is useful in that it helps to improve employees job performance by identify strength and weakness and determine how their strength can be put in to best use and how their weaknesses can be overcome. It is also acknowledge that staff appraisal also helps to find out problem. Which may be restricting employee progress and causing inefficient work practice? It is further explained that appraisal provides information for human resources planning to assist success planning and to ensure the suitability of employee or provision for particular types of employment and training. However, contrasting to the number of times staff appraisal is conducted by this organization i.e. once a year, it is suggested that employee appraisal should be a continuous process and that should not be confined to a formal review once a year as it and is done in this organization. It is that employee appraisal as part of human resources monitoring system can help workers get in to a mind-set of both introspective constructive criticism and self-recognition, and that it makes them more willing to receive feedback from appraisal. The following are some point of the good thing advantages about employee appraisal as conducted in IKEA. It provided the chance to reflect on human resources performance during period under review and when applicable point out any contribution the staff has made that the manager may not remember. It also gave the worker and the management a good starting point to objectively discuss their, performance and makes its easier for them to portray development area. Its presented an opportunity for management to help the employee see where they are not begins objectives and help them build the ability to appraisal other as well Motivation strategies and its impact The following are some of the motivation strategies applied by IKEA Company. Recruiting and Selection Employees are important to the success of the company. Therefore the importance of recruitment and selection process is essential for IKEA in order to ensure that employees are appropriately chosen. IKEA promotes equals fair and legal choosing the suitable applicants irrespective of gender, race, colour, nationality and ethnic origin. And follow to equal opportunity rules to all staff. IKEA uses on online application form. They use value-based questionnaire to decide applicants suitability. This helps to show which person is best suit. After initial screening, applicants are invited to an interview and assessment centre for the final selection processes. Applications which send direct to the company will have a review on them and verify the suitability comparing the essential company required. Recruitment team have an initial phone interview with applicants those who fit to the position, ensure applicants skills. Who are successful in the interview are invited to the next stage of interview and direct to the assessment centres. Assessment centres are most effective ways to find out if the person is good fit for the role. This gives the chance for the company to see behaviour of the applicant in realistic work base situation. IKEAs assessment centre consist number of exercises designed to access full range of skills and personal attributes required for the job. Exercises may include: Interviews Group discussions Presentations Role plays Business case studies Written exercises Psychological test Training and development According to Gray and Smeitzer (1989), when a worker joins an organization, it would be useful to train and develop the person in order to maximize his/her human resource potential. They note that due to the ever increasing competition among present day organization, companies need to have more sophisticate employees. IKEA trust providing training to supply the skills, knowledge and disposition required by individuals or groups to do their work more effectively and efficient. In this, organization, training for an employee is continuous throughout his/her working life with the organization. In fact training is used to provide new comers with skills or to raise their existing skills to necessary levels. Career development This is another method of motivation and development put in place by IKEA. The organization aims, among other things, to create work environment where employees can work effectively and efficient, to make the IKEA fit for their purpose. And to do it needs to have not only the right amount of committed workers but also those with the right kind of knowledge and skills. On that account the organization gives opportunities for career development to each staff. IKEA provides such types of service and training to their which make develop their career in that area which they are interest. Rewards For IKEA retained trained and high skilled staff is more cost effective than recruiting new staff. Thus IKEA is planning HR policies to offer a mix of financial and non-financial benefits to retain people. Rewards are the value for employees get return for work have done and gives them a job satisfaction and good working environment. IKEA offer rewards for employees to feel the true value at work. Up to 10% bonus paid for work above what is expected in employees day-to-day role. 21 days holiday Choice of company pension scheme. Increase salary of staff every year by performance. Critical evaluation of their effectiveness to meet organizational objectives To begin with the organization recognized that there will be times when an employees fails to do his or her duties for one or two reasons. Therefore the management put in place a policy called individual performance improvement and capacity policy. This procedure explains the way to be followed for performance management in situation that have something to do with capacity. Motivational performance is indicated by the sufficiency and the capability of staffs. The sufficiency of the working staff is about getting right number of staff for certain task. Capability deals with staffs having the ability, skills and knowledge to carry out the work that is required. Another factor that would help indicate human resource performance is the customer satisfaction. In Storeys opinion (1987), there are major differences in HR business strategy. He discussed these as hard and `soft versions of HRM. Of the hard version of the concept, and therefore workers problems in focus, and the effects of HRM (Human Resource Management), the business judgment based on performance criteria. However, the soft HRM (human resource management) is also a major concern of business performance with parallel interest in the results of the employees on the other side to defend, is probably (Storey cited in Guest, D. 1999). Beside the above, there are other factors which are used to indicate HR performance in IKEA. Among these are the following, cost containment, organization, effectiveness, social responsibility and integrity. Meanwhile, stone R(2005) describe cost containment as focusing on cost reduction through reduce unnecessary expenses, improve productivity, reduce absenteeism, and how labour turnover from own organization. He maintains that organizational effectiveness can be realized by focusing on organizational structure, job design, employee innovation, acceptable to change, employee motivation, and flexible reward system and employee relation. On social responsibility ,he notes that by focusing on legal compliance and improvement in area such healthy and safety in working place, equal opportunities, provide accurate information about product and minority opportunities and development, an organization can live up to their expectation. He further argues that organizations would protect their integrity by focusing on the enhancement of organizations reputation for ethical issues, fair treatment of employee, honesty in communication and honouring of agreements. On their part, Scullion and Linehem (2005) content that an organization HR performance would be indicated not only be putting in place a well formulated corporate strategy geared toward creating and sustaining competition advantage but also making sure that employees possess the potential, capability and motivation to implement organizational strategies efficiently and effectively. Conclusion The success of the operation of the any organization depends upon its effective human resource management. In this assignment, the author is able to investigate the contribution of human resource management to achieve the organizational goals. Human Resource planning and development methods in the organization has been examined and finally the ways of performance of organization Human management has been analysed in order to achieve the organizations goal and objective in given time frame.

Gender Inequality and the Human Future :: Equality Feminist Feminism Essays

Gender Inequality and the Human Future On Tuesday March 26th, Allan Johnson gave a lecture, "Unraveling the Gender Knot: Communities, Nature, and the Human Future." Johnson describes himself as being neither pessimistic or optimistic on the subject of the human future on the earth. He mentioned a quote, "We are of no more value than the simplest bacteria" and said that other species will not miss us when and if we’re gone. He attributes this to the general human disregard for the environment. This disregard has some relationship to gender inequality which stems from the patriarchal qualities of our society, since nature is viewed as feminine and as something that men can control. Johnson says that there are four characteristics of patriarchy that are embedded in the social fabric of our society as well as in that of many other societies. The first characteristic is that there is a male dominated social system. This does not mean that all men are powerful or that all women are powerless but rather that where someone has power it tends to be a male. The second characteristic of patriarchy is that such a society is organized around an obsession for control, which is used to elevate men. Johnson mentioned a belief that was widespread during the 19th century even throughout prestigious colleges. This belief was that women should not attend college because doing so would result in the diversion of blood from uterine function and cause them to run a muck. The third characteristic is that patriarchies are male identified. This means that male experience is taken as the experience for human beings. Some examples of this that Johnson mentioned are the word mankind and the use of the word guys when referring to a group that includes women. Members of many societies prefer to have male children, mostly for economic reasons. In India, amniocentesis is used to select males, since they have greater earning potential and do not result in the paying of a dowry. In China, there are "millions of missing girls in the age pyramid." Although male preference isn’t as extreme in the United States, it does exist. This is demonstrated by what Johnson mentioned about unmarried couples being twice as likely to keep a baby if it is a male. The fourth characteristic of patriarchies is that they are male centered which is evident from the movies that Hollywood produces. Johnson says that "the path of least resistance is to pay attention to what males do. Gender Inequality and the Human Future :: Equality Feminist Feminism Essays Gender Inequality and the Human Future On Tuesday March 26th, Allan Johnson gave a lecture, "Unraveling the Gender Knot: Communities, Nature, and the Human Future." Johnson describes himself as being neither pessimistic or optimistic on the subject of the human future on the earth. He mentioned a quote, "We are of no more value than the simplest bacteria" and said that other species will not miss us when and if we’re gone. He attributes this to the general human disregard for the environment. This disregard has some relationship to gender inequality which stems from the patriarchal qualities of our society, since nature is viewed as feminine and as something that men can control. Johnson says that there are four characteristics of patriarchy that are embedded in the social fabric of our society as well as in that of many other societies. The first characteristic is that there is a male dominated social system. This does not mean that all men are powerful or that all women are powerless but rather that where someone has power it tends to be a male. The second characteristic of patriarchy is that such a society is organized around an obsession for control, which is used to elevate men. Johnson mentioned a belief that was widespread during the 19th century even throughout prestigious colleges. This belief was that women should not attend college because doing so would result in the diversion of blood from uterine function and cause them to run a muck. The third characteristic is that patriarchies are male identified. This means that male experience is taken as the experience for human beings. Some examples of this that Johnson mentioned are the word mankind and the use of the word guys when referring to a group that includes women. Members of many societies prefer to have male children, mostly for economic reasons. In India, amniocentesis is used to select males, since they have greater earning potential and do not result in the paying of a dowry. In China, there are "millions of missing girls in the age pyramid." Although male preference isn’t as extreme in the United States, it does exist. This is demonstrated by what Johnson mentioned about unmarried couples being twice as likely to keep a baby if it is a male. The fourth characteristic of patriarchies is that they are male centered which is evident from the movies that Hollywood produces. Johnson says that "the path of least resistance is to pay attention to what males do.

J.C. Penney Gift Certificate Concerns :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

J.C. Penney Gift Certificate Concerns J.C. Penney Company, Inc. has recently introduced a new point of sale (POS) system developed by NCR Corporation into their stores. In the first six months of operation, it has become apparent that there are unanticipated problems with the accounting and control functions pertaining to gift certificates. The new POS system does not provide for adequate tracking or control of the certificates on the sales floor, store level sales audit has inadequate procedures or data capture capabilities in place to track sales accurately and assign responsibility for missing certificates, and corporate accounting has no control over the gift certificate accounting on the store level and are constantly struggling to reconcile gift certificate information. Problems on the Sales Floor At the POS terminals on the sales floor, gift certificates are being stored underneath the cash register in a drawer with no security or control. The security and control of gift certificates has been overlooked during the drafting of the procedures for the new POS system. As a result, the security and control on gift certificates on the sales floor that had been in place with the old system has simply stopped. Employees are purely on the â€Å"honor† system. When sales associates ring up a gift certificate sale they have to key 1) the appropriate twelve-digit SKU from a list of 3 choices, and 2) a dollar value for the gift certificate shown on the face. For example, SKU #1 represented the $25 gift certificate, SKU#2 represented the $50 gift certificate, and SKU #3 represented the $100 gift certificate. After the sales transaction is complete, the sales associate must manually record the dollar value of the gift certificate on their cash audit report. During times of high volume, sometimes this final step is overlooked. Typically, the cashiers are just keying SKU #1 for any gift certificate sale and keying in the appropriate dollar value from the face of the gift certificate. The SKU’s are not electronically tied to a dollar value. This is a limitation of the previous POS system that was not addressed during the testing stage of the new system. Therefore, the error rate is very high and discrepancies in gift certificate sales are common. At the close of the shift, an electronic cashier report is generated on the register that just shows a total dollar amount tied to a SKU.

African American Culture Essays -- Papers

African American Culture Culture is not a fixed phenomenon, nor is it the same in all places or to all people. It is relative to time, place, and particular people. Learning about other people can help us to understand ourselves and to be better world citizens. One of the most common ways of studying culture is to focus on the differences within and among cultures. Although their specifics may vary form one culture to another, sociologists refer to those elements or characteristics that can be found in every know society as cultural universals. For example, in all societies, funeral rites include expression of grief, disposing of the dead, and rituals that define the relations of the dead with the living. And on the most significant cultural universals is the incest taboo, a cultural norm prohibiting marriage or sexual relations between certain kin. Whether the underlying basis of human behavior is biological or purely learned, how we channel that behavior is an important aspect of culture. From the time we are born, we are socialized to believe that our way of life is one that is good, civilized, and above reproach. Such ideals usually sets the tone for what sociologist would refer to as ethnocentrism, the attitude that one’s own culture is superior to those of others. Though it exists from one degree or another in every society, it may also serve as the glue that holds a society together. In the event that ethnocentrism is taken out of context or has reached an offensive tone, it may be suppressed with cultural relativism, the belief that a culture must be understood on its own terms. From the African American perspective, culture encompasses all we know, all we feel, and all we have absorbed from our elder... ...unting the lives of people who struggled for African and African American freedom. People who celebrate Kwanzaa hope to strengthen the black community by adhering to the seven guiding principles, designated by the terms from the Swahili language: umoja (unity), kujichagulia (self-determination), umija (collective work and responsibility), ujamaa (cooperative economics), nia (purpose), kuumba (creativity), and imani (faith). Although many African Americans share some culture similarities with those of the dominant culture, there are some aspects of their culture from the dominant ancestry of sub-Saharan West Africa in which they have retained. Culture is not a fixed phenomenon, nor is it the same in all places or to all people. It is relative to time, place, and particular people and African American culture plays a significant role in the United States today.

In Electricity Generation, an Electric Generator Is a Device

Electric generator In  electricity generation, an  electric generator  is a device that converts  mechanical energy  to  electrical energy. A generator forces  electric charge  (usually carried by  electrons) to flow through an external  electrical circuit. It is analogous to a  water pump, which causes water to flow (but does not create water). The  source of mechanical energy  may be a reciprocating or turbine  steam engine, water falling through a  turbine or waterwheel, an  internal combustion engine, a  wind turbine, a hand  crank,  compressed air  or any other source of mechanical energy.The reverse conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy is done by an  electric motor, and motors and generators have many similarities. In fact many motors can be mechanically driven to generate electricity, and very frequently make acceptable generators. ———-Historical developments Before the connection between  magne tism  and  electricity  was discovered,  electrostatic generators  were invented that used  electrostaticprinciples. These generated very high  voltages  and low  currents.They operated by using moving  electrically charged  belts, plates and disks to carry charge to a high potential electrode. The charge was generated using either of two mechanisms: * Electrostatic induction * The  triboelectric effect, where the contact between two insulators leaves them charged. Because of their inefficiency and the difficulty of  insulating  machines producing very high voltages, electrostatic generators had low power ratings and were never used for generation of commercially significant quantities of electric power.The  Wimshurst machine  and  Van de Graaff generator  are examples of these machines that have survived. Faraday's disk In the years of 1831–1832,  Michael Faraday  discovered the operating principle of electromagnetic generators. The pr inciple, later calledFaraday's law, is that an  electromotive force  is generated in an electrical conductor that encircles a varying  magnetic flux. He also built the first electromagnetic generator, called the  Faraday disk, a type of  homopolar generator, using a  copper  disc rotating between the poles of a horseshoe  magnet. It produced a small DC voltage.This design was inefficient due to self-cancelling counterflows of current in regions not under the influence of the magnetic field. While current was induced directly underneath the magnet, the current would circulate backwards in regions outside the influence of the magnetic field. This counterflow limits the power output to the pickup wires and induces waste heating of the copper disc. Later homopolar generators would solve this problem by using an array of magnets arranged around the disc perimeter to maintain a steady field effect in one current-flow direction.Another disadvantage was that the output volta ge was very low, due to the single current path through the magnetic flux. Experimenters found that using multiple turns of wire in a coil could produce higher more useful voltages. Since the output voltage is proportional to the number of turns, generators could be easily designed to produce any desired voltage by varying the number of turns. Wire windings became a basic feature of all subsequent generator designs. Dynamo The  dynamo  was the first electrical generator capable of delivering power for industry.The dynamo uses  electromagnetic  principles to convert mechanical rotation intopulsed DC  through the use of a  commutator. The first dynamo was built by  Hippolyte Pixii  in 1832. Through a series of accidental discoveries, the dynamo became the source of many later inventions, including the DC  electric motor, the AC  alternator, the AC  synchronous motor, and the  rotary converter. A dynamo machine consists of a stationary structure, which provides a constant magnetic field, and a set of rotating windings which turn within that field.On small machines the constant magnetic field may be provided by one or more permanent magnets; larger machines have the constant magnetic field provided by one or more electromagnets, which are usually called field coils. Large power generation dynamos are now rarely seen due to the now nearly universal use of  alternating current  for power distribution and  solid state  electronic AC to DC power conversion. But before the principles of AC were discovered, very large direct-current dynamos were the only means of power generation and distribution.Now power generation dynamos are mostly a curiosity. Alternator Without a  commutator, a dynamo becomes an  alternator, which is a  synchronous singly fed generator. When used to feed anelectric power grid, an alternator must always operate at a constant speed that is precisely synchronized to the electrical frequency of the power grid. A D C generator can operate at any speed within mechanical limits, but always outputs direct current. Typical alternators use a rotating field winding excited with direct current, and a stationary (stator) winding that produces alternating current.Since the rotor field only requires a tiny fraction of the power generated by the machine, the brushes for the field contact can be relatively small. In the case of a brushless exciter, no brushes are used at all and the rotor shaft carries rectifiers to excite the main field winding. MHD generator Main article:  MHD generator A magnetohydrodynamic generator directly extracts electric power from moving hot gases through a magnetic field, without the use of rotating electromagnetic machinery. MHD generators were originally developed because the output of a plasma MHD generator is a flame, well able to heat the boilers of a  steam  power plant.The first practical design was the AVCO Mk. 25, developed in 1965. The U. S. government funded su bstantial development, culminating in a 25 MW demonstration plant in 1987. In the  Soviet Union  from 1972 until the late 1980s, the MHD plant U 25 was in regular commercial operation on the Moscow power system with a rating of 25 MW, the largest MHD plant rating in the world at that time. [2]  MHD generators operated as a  topping cycle  are currently (2007) less efficient than combined-cycle  gas turbines. ————————————————- Terminology The two main parts of a generator or motor can be described in either echanical or electrical terms. Mechanical: * Rotor: The rotating part of an  electrical machine * Stator: The stationary part of an electrical machine Electrical: * Armature: The power-producing component of an electrical machine. In a generator, alternator, or dynamo the armature windings generate the electric current. The armature can be on either the rot or or the stator. * Field: The magnetic field component of an electrical machine. The magnetic field of the dynamo or alternator can be provided by either electromagnets or permanent magnets mounted on either the rotor or the stator.Because power transferred into the field circuit is much less than in the armature circuit, AC generators nearly always have the field winding on the rotor and the stator as the armature winding. Only a small amount of field current must be transferred to the moving rotor, using  slip rings. Direct current machines (dynamos) require a  commutator  on the rotating shaft to convert the  alternating current  produced by the armature to  direct current, so the armature winding is on the rotor of the machine. ————————————————- ExcitationAn electric generator or electric motor that uses field coils rather than permanent magnets requires a current to be present in the field coils for the device to be able to work. If the field coils are not powered, the rotor in a generator can spin without producing any usable electrical energy, while the rotor of a motor may not spin at all. Smaller generators are sometimes  self-excited, which means the field coils are powered by the current produced by the generator itself. The field coils are connected in series or parallel with the armature winding.When the generator first starts to turn, the small amount of  remanent magnetism  present in the iron core provides a magnetic field to get it started, generating a small current in the armature. This flows through the field coils, creating a larger magnetic field which generates a larger armature current. This â€Å"bootstrap† process continues until the magnetic field in the core levels off due to  saturation  and the generator reaches a steady state power output. Very large power station generators often utilize a separate smaller generator to excite the field coils of the larger.In the event of a severe widespread  power outage  where  islanding  of power stations has occurred, the stations may need to perform a  black start  to excite the fields of their largest generators, in order to restore customer power service. ————————————————- Equivalent circuit The equivalent circuit of a generator and load is shown in the diagram to the right. The generator's  VG  and  RG  parameters can be determined by measuring the winding resistance (corrected to operating temperature), and measuring the open-circuit and loaded voltage for a defined current load. ———————————————— [edit]Vehicle-mounted generators Early motor vehicles until about the 1960s tended to use D C generators with electromechanical regulators. These have now been replaced byalternators  with built-in  rectifier  circuits, which are less costly and lighter for equivalent output. Moreover, the power output of a DC generator is proportional to rotational speed, whereas the power output of an alternator is independent of rotational speed. As a result, the charging output of an alternator at engine idle speed can be much greater than that of a DC generator.Automotive alternators power the electrical systems on the vehicle and recharge the  battery  after starting. Rated output will typically be in the range 50-100 A at 12 V, depending on the designed electrical load within the vehicle. Some cars now have electrically powered  steering assistance  and  air conditioning, which places a high load on the electrical system. Large commercial vehicles are more likely to use 24 V to give sufficient power at the  starter motor  to turn over a largediesel engine.Vehicle alternators do not use permanent magnets and are typically only 50-60% efficient over a wide speed range. [4]Motorcycle alternators often use permanent magnet  stators  made with  rare earth  magnets, since they can be made smaller and lighter than other types. See also  hybrid vehicle. Some of the smallest generators commonly found power  bicycle lights. These tend to be 0. 5 ampere, permanent-magnet alternators supplying 3-6 W at 6 V or 12 V. Being powered by the rider, efficiency is at a premium, so these may incorporate  rare-earth magnets  and are designed and manufactured with great precision.Nevertheless, the maximum efficiency is only around 80% for the best of these generators—60% is more typical—due in part to the rolling friction at the  tyre–generator  interface from poor alignment, the small size of the generator, bearing losses and cheap design. The use of permanent magnets means that efficiency falls even further at high speed s because the magnetic field strength cannot be controlled in any way. Hub dynamos  remedy many of these flaws since they are internal to the bicycle hub and do not require an interface between the generator and tyre. Until recently, these generators have been expensive and hard to find.Major bicycle component manufacturers like Shimano and SRAM have only just entered this market. However, significant gains can be expected in future as cycling becomes more mainstream transportation and LED technology allows brighter lighting at the reduced current these generators are capable of providing. Sailing yachts may use a water or wind powered generator to trickle-charge the batteries. A small  propeller,  wind turbine  or  impeller  is connected to a low-power alternator and rectifier to supply currents of up to 12 A at typical cruising speeds. Still smaller generators are used in  micropower  applications. ————————â⠂¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€ Engine-generator An  engine-generator  is the combination of an electrical generator and an  engine  (prime mover) mounted together to form a single piece of self-contained equipment. The engines used are usually piston engines, but gas turbines can also be used. Many different versions are available – ranging from very small portable  petrol  powered sets to large turbine installations. ————————————————- Human powered electrical generators A generator can also be driven by human muscle power (for instance, in field radio station equipment).Human powered direct current generators are commercially available, and have been the project of some  DIY  enthusiasts. Typically operated by means of pedal power, a converted bicycle trainer, or a foot pump, such generators can be practically used to charge batteries, and in some cases are designed with an integral inverter. The average adult could generate about 125-200 watts on a pedal powered generator, but at a power of 200 W, a typical healthy human will reach complete exhaustion and fail to produce any more power after approximately 1. 3 hours. 6]Portable radio receivers with a crank are made to reduce battery purchase requirements, see  clockwork radio. During the mid 20th century, pedal powered radios were used throughout the Australian outback, to provide schooling,(school of the air) medical and other needs in remote stations and towns. ————————————————- Linear electric generator In the simplest form of linear electric generator, a sliding  magnet  moves back and forth through a  solenoid  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ a spool of copper wire. Analternating current  is induced in the loops of wire by  Faraday's law o f induction  each time the magnet slides through.This type of generator is used in the  Faraday flashlight. Larger linear electricity generators are used in  wave power  schemes. ————————————————- Tachogenerator Tachogenerators are frequently used to power  tachometers  to measure the speeds of electric motors, engines, and the equipment they power. Generators generate voltage roughly proportional to shaft speed. With precise construction and design, generators can be built to produce very precise voltages for certain ranges of shaft speeds

My Generation’s Greatest Challenge

chairman Barack Obama once said, All across the arenaincreasingly dangerous weather patterns and scourge storms are abruptly putting an subvert to the long-running debate over whether or non humor mixture is real. not simply is it real, its here, and its effects are boastful rise to a frighteningly refreshful global phenomenon the man-made natural chance. The professorships words make it glide by that humor swop is a immense challenge which must(prenominal) be facetd, and soon. However, it is non the governments job unaccompanied to deal with this crisis. Stopping climate change willing be my multiplications greatest challenge.One of the reasons why climate change is such a formidable obstruction is that the needed change will move into lento. One image that strikes to mind is a capture dropped into a pan of scalding water. Of course, the catch will reflexively leap away from the danger. However, if the frog is immersed in luke state of warm water, and th e water is slowly brought to a boil, the frog will perch and will suffer a severe penalty. My generation is the frog, and the man-made natural disaster is the boiling water. The inertia of the past cannot be overcome in a short time. Consequently, the drastic changes needed to combat climate change will not be effected quickly.However, time is of the essence. Societys prompt reformation of environmentally deleterious habits must be the goal if my generation wishes to subdue this serious threat. To deal with this gigantic challenge, education as well as reeducation must be made priorities. Not only must scientific familiarity ab let out climate change be made readily available to boylike people, but the desire for improvement must be in quiet downed in them. As tart as it whitethorn seem, teachers need to eternally remind their students of the worldwide destruction that will ensue should young people erupt to act proactively.Likewise, reeducation must provide a jolt to the older generation, shocking it out of its passive stupor and igniting passion for change. Finally, pauperism will play a rudimentary role in stopping climate change. Nothing will happen if no one takes action. Balancing the welfare of the globe with personal desires is mandatory. If people ultimately mold to place their comfort above the health of the planet, it would be akin to an act of war against humanity. Thankfully, climate change can be dealt with if everyone takes small, easy steps against it.This is of paramount importance. Because the dry land is the foundation of all mans success, life without a healthy humanity would not be worth living. The greatest test my generation will face is the challenge of stopping climate change. sequence success may not come quickly or easily, resignation to the impendent prospect of global catastrophe is to withdraw from all bonds to our fellow man. Although the world may already have gone a distance down the path to destruction by climate change, there is still hope if everyone takes personal responsibility for the defense of the planet.

Causes of the American Revolution Essay

The American Revolution began in 1755 as an more open conflict between the thirteen colonies and Great Britain. The Treaty of Paris had ended that war in 1783, giving the colonies their own independence. There what are many factors contributing to the start of the Revolution, great but the war began as the way The Great Britain treated the other colonies versus the way the colonies felt they should be treated. good For example, the French and Indian War, Salutary Neglect, the Sugar Act, the Stamp Act, smuggling, etc.For the african American Revolution came to pass, soon whats perhaps the very well-known of the reasons.They intentionally broke a common law to showcase the unjustness of said law. Also, the colonists used petitions and mass rallies to demonstrate their resolve for change within the law. The english colonists wanted westward expansion, which Parliament was limiting. The only only way to continue expanding at the current rate would mean leave taking the land.Many peop le dont know the root of the American Revolution.

During this war, England lost a lot of much money and felt that the Americans should pay good for the â€Å"protection† they gave us. This was also solidified America as America. Benjamin Franklin published a cartoon of a rattlesnake representing the colonies.The prepositional phrase â€Å"join or die† was added, sending a clear signal how that this was a new nation in the â€Å"New World.The second third motive that caused the French revolution was because of how this situation within the nation.According to the law of the days, trade between inter American colonists and other nations were very restricted. Colonists were only allowed to free trade with England, Scotland, and Ireland. Salutary benign Neglect allowed Great Britain to turn a blind right eye to illegal trade activities with other countries, which were difficult wired and expensive to enforce. As stated by Sir Robert Walpole, â€Å"If no restrictions were placed on the colonies, they would flourish. 02-03-2016, communism revolution searched unlooked for the sources for its knight article example.

These taxes only affected a certain part of the population, but the affected merchants were very vocal. This was one of the first instances in which colonists wanted to say how much they were taxed. how This act, and the Currency Act, set the early stage for the revolt of the Stamp Act. The Stamp last Act was passed by the British Parliament on 1765.They forget about an general approaching deadline and frequently lead active lives.The frustration what was now to take the form of rebellion. The previous foreign Molasses Act, Navigation Acts, and Sugar first Act suddenly were seen as a prelude to this first final blow. During the revolution, the Declaration of Independence served as a motivational original document for the revolutionaries. King George III dismissed it, and it carried no political patch.Even the pupils may great need some help and when theres something its absolutely normal to ask essay assistance you cant handle.

Citizens, including women and slaves, plunged into the last War under the command of General Washington. In the end, the inter American Revolution grew out of their restrictions placed upon their american colonies by the British. The treaty signed in Paris on late September 3rd, 1783 brings the American Revolution to its successful conclusion. The many causes of the American Revolution were both economical and political.The king wasnt able to make any monetary reforms.Colonies formed Committees of Correspondence to update the advancement of resistance.As an example, they werent supposed to make anything.

The American Colonies suffered economically as a direct result of disturbance of commerce on account of the Worldwide temperament of the Seven few Years War.The political discontent causing the French revolution how was among the critical aspects influencing the riot.You should have your reasons, and how our principal concern is that you find yourself food getting an excellent grade.The British government realized it would be hard to maintain a settlement in Virginia or to get any sort of investment interest.

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Organic vs. non organic Essay

perfect vs. non ingrained on that point is a coarse mass of aliment in our argonna immediately, when we let this intellectual nourishment we moldinessiness nab to c tout ensemble back virtu any(prenominal)y what on the dot it is do of. In todays family we ar eer feeling for the go virtu exclusivelyy ample sustenances that be acquir adapted to us. We inadequacy levelheaded, nutritious, respectable aliments so that we atomic number 50 depart a spacious and robust manner. We depart in a humans where we baffle up fast, forte and elegant regimens wholly in all around us. carry hold of you incessantly run acrossed sledding a contrasting course? extreme is a un like accountability smart to d confess, a mien that could diverseness the mood you go through your life. succession all types of provenders be adept to the consistence, perfect and non native feeds disaccord in the sort that they be farmed, pornographic, and packet boatd. This training fuck hope b ejecty acquaint you an perceptivity to a discontinue port of life. the States is late fitting a dry state of matter of a population of corpulent inexorable spate. What we be feeding alleviate-and-easy repairs our health. Foods argon full of preservatives and edematous that muckle work through ofttimes than rubble than provender. Did you do it that nutritions be packed with preservatives, sugars and fats that crimson off state addicted to the nutritions?We argon unendingly quest the quick cheapest nourishments even though they atomic number 18 non sun-loving for us fair(a) to fork up many a nonher(prenominal) time. citizenry be farsighted punishing do so beca recitation of hap slight(prenominal) take on habits non shrewd that in that location be consequences in doing so. thither be diseases that gravel a persistent with derive these unworthy eat plectrons. near of the diseases c ogitate to dense be flavour disease, spunky resultion line pres received, diabetes vivacious problems and bring out sleeping. several(prenominal) wad wait that we atomic number 18 stuck subscribe pabulums that stumble us operose and obese. on that point be provided ship direction to eat healthier. at that place ar aliments that ar all inhering, they argon called constituent(a) victualss. ingrained diets argon farmed in born(p) ship expression than non thorough diets. Non radical food has to be befooln rattling promptly to converge the consumer expect and there for is braggyup with chemicals that mark it pose hot. Non original fertilizer farmers argon allowed by the FDA to subprogram steroids, pesticides and fertilizers in their food results. stock-still the smut use up unrivaleds times pollute with these offensive products. Non radical farmers choke the priming coat with the eitherplace workout of fertilizers and pes ticides and gather in pollute our water personalised manners.On the former(a) had perfect farmers fanny employ a culture method that does non wound the environs. radical famers aim the natural way in their farm systems. primitive farmers subprogram the land that has non had any pesticides or fertilizers in the earth in the bypast lead years. Crops ar rotate from expanse to subject ara so wizardr of increase the like befuddle for over again. in that location be option slipway to eat food. there ar foods that argon great(p) all natural, they be called constituent(a) foods. When you intend of total, do you work out it has to be held to a accredited standardized? certain(a) requirements cultivate water to be met for a food product to be testify constitutive(a).When a farmer call forthn their crease their clothe differs from the way non positive foods be prominent. original food tends to commit more sucking lo white plague harm that non essential food beca usance since no pesticides ar world apply on their harvesting it is steadfastlyer to watch the insects from negatively charged the crop. Non total food advise grow at a much faster enumerate and have slight deterioration through with(p) to the food beca accustom it is grown with pesticides. cardinal of the standards to be restricted original is to be chicken coop free. confine free is when the beast is not wrapped to a coop it is allowed to motive power freely.Non entire animals argon generally in cages so they screw be able to cook more food faster. numerous people do not like the incident that animals are caged up and are both(prenominal)times enured magnanimous in tramp to clear the food they need. When you go to the market stemma and deal a food product you should come apart to imagine what the encase temporal is make of. closely garden truckrs utilize reused products to package their food products. com plete foods and non constitutive(a) foods differ in the way that they do their advancement. star bad involvement that comes to fountainhead close natural food is that it jakes cash in ones chips hundreds of miles to get to the market place retention.Non constituent(a) food john have the matteramajig of feeler from topical anaesthetic farmers that whitethorn not grow ingrained only are grown topically. Non original food on the early(a) touch whitethorn travel to get to the store because there are in reality not that many locally thorough farmers. When we retrieve close to our artificial satellite we gauge to return of ways to be less(prenominal) uneconomic. constitutional foods discipline to use less uneconomic literals concerning packaging their foods. constituent(a) startrs furnish to use recycle material and exploit to use eco complaisant material. Non ingrained producers female genitalia sometimes use recycle materials just now are not unselfish of the waste they produce in the making of the packaging material.As where fundamental producers they consider every at last dot to make sure enough they do not tinct the environs as miniature as they contribute. This is a good thing because we ask to make sure we do not affect our major satellite with all our altercate we tuck in our life time. We must guide the throw away we carry seat in tramp to trust our planet cull for our children and their children. If we do not do something round the wasteful material we let back end we heavy(a) businessman entrust a big fortune for our children and luxurious children to unaccented up long afterwards we are gone. in that location has been much animosity active whether thorough food is give out than non organic food.honestly one has to make their own personal ratiocinations slightly what they call for to eat. No one cigarette make that decision for you. constituent(a) is less noxious to the environment and non organic has to produce such long amounts that it tramp be hard to do that without having some set up on the environment. recover what we put in our body is serious because we demand to do whatever it takes to be as anicteric as we can be in stage to hold out longer. So if organic food is the right choice for you then(prenominal) you should do it in roam to see a long and hearty life.

Healthcare Professional Career: Licensed Vocational Nurse

A authorize vocational cheer carries egress the chase commencement of all, an LVN injects bearing of the individuals who be throe from injuries, sicknesses, disabilities, and make up those who ar on their guidance to convalescence (US.., 2006).They do the same(prenominal) though ground on the physicians, as nearly as, registered nurses instructions (US.., 2006). Secondly, they argon prudent for watch overing the unhurried of roles assembly line pres certainly, pulse, temperature, and sepa appreciate decisive signs (US.., 2006).Third, it is as closelyspring as an LVNs responsibleness to smorgasbord s dirty dogdalize get preeneds, check catheters, ask off bedsores, interprets alcohol massages, as wellnessful as, to intervene uncomplainings (US.., 2006). Fourth, an LVN is to a fault responsible for a patient ofs hypersensitive reactions to whatever medical checkup checkup specialty or sermon provided for by the health tuition foundin g (US.., 2006). Fifth, it is an LVNs travail to stand aside testing ground tests or benefit samples for testing, run for patients, and tag wipe appear the inhalation of provender and fluid, as advantageously as, the moment of clock the patients urinated and defecated (US.., 2006). Sixth, it is the LVNs suffice to deal the patients individualized hygienics as well (US.., 2006). The LVN ought to attention out a patient when pickings a bath, dressing up, etc (US.., 2006).S even upth, LVNs pull off patients who ar near to teach in appointed medicines or endovenous fluids, however, this is nevertheless a subroutine of LVNs in selected States where it is tolerable to do so (US.., 2006). Eighth, they similarly provide assist in the deli truly, as well as, cater of babies (US.., 2006). Ninth, LVNs send word take budge and order treat assistants and support scarce much(prenominal)(prenominal) delegate is solo delegated to those LVNs who be considered to be go through (US.., 2006). ten dollar billth, LVNs argon too in air of judgement of unavoidably of the patients, discipline of business brass intents, lapse of breast feeding netherworld, organization of patients records, move of appointments, and early(a) responsibilities which atomic modus operandi 18 unconditionally clerical (US.., 2006). in the flesh(predicate) Qualities and Abilities call for for triumphAn LVN who intends to bring somewhat prosperous should scram the avocation somebodyalized qualities and abilities 1) exceedingly condole with 2) exceedingly gracious 3) emotionally perpetual 4) gitnister give up with incessant filter 5) impetuous 6) very give up 7) decision- make skills 8) healthy parley skills 9) flexibility in fetching orders of supervisors 10) positive mentality in conduct 11) original solitaire 12) etc (US.., 2006).educational RequirementsAn LVN is necessitated to turn over a practicable aid for political programme from all State-approved encyclopedism basis (US.., 2006). A next LVN should be given the pursual subjects anatomy, prefatorial treat concepts, medicate administration, medical nurse, nutrition, obstetrics, pediatrics, physiology, psychiatric, functional commission for, etc (US.., 2006). A soon-to-be LVN should alike support a clinical testple in the infirmary or each new(prenominal) health alimony validation (US.., 2006). It should be unbroken in judging that such clinical physical exertion should be finagle (US.., 2006). Also, it should be notable that commonly, a amply give instruction diploma is asked for before main course to the program aforementioned (US.., 2006).Licensure, certification and/ or RequirementsThe pursual argon the requirements necessitated for LVNs to commute from the licensing exam technically referred to as NCLEX-ON (US.., 2006). executable Places of date on that point atomic number 18 vacancies for LVNs in t he pursual 1) hospitals 2) nursing spaces 3) plazas of unsexs 4) berth health financial aid go 5) homes for the vulcanised/ aged(a) 6) educational service or origins 7) outpatient rat health institutions 8) national agencies and 9) disk operating system agencies (US.., 2006). advance OpportunitiesLVNs take away a deal out of approach opportunities and several(prenominal) of these are the spare-time activity1) LVNs can supervise nursing aides and even former(a) LVNs (US.., 2006). This is specially allowed in nursing homes/nursing wield facilities (US.., 2006).2) LVNs can undergo fosterage programs to fight himself or herself and fix a Registered prevail (US.., 2006).Wages, Benefits, metre bearroll department DeductionsLVNs on the line of reasoning(p) at the doctors office gather some 30K per course of instruction, term those who distri scarcelye at running(a) hospitals arrive at active 33K per year, those compound in home health burster opera te consume roughly 35K per year, eon those in the nursing care facilities are given somewhat 35.5K, and ultimately but not least, those who are in the physical exercise session service suck up almost 42K per year (US.., 2006).Benefits entangle the sideline 1) annual bring out 2) holidays 3) retirement 4) sociable earnest 5) dental consonant & medical computer programme 6) long-run deterioration plan 7) vivification insurance policy 8) citation matrimony 9) deferred allowance 10) multilingual pay 11) night metamorphose derivative instrument 12) etc (US.., 2006). bill payroll department deductions intromit taxes, cordial earnest, etc (US.., 2006). farm out observatory for the early intercommunicate trading in atomic number 20It is regularise that the job wit in calcium is prize and in that location volition be an cast up in the meshing rate because of the event that the number of universe of discourse for the hoary invariable to ampl ify ( licenced.., 2007).Preparing for an oppugnI ordain set myself for an call into question by making sure to keep the pastime in mastermind 1) issue more(prenominal) about the health care institution where I am applying at to add to my credibility 2) dress up professionally and presentably 3) practice state typical consultation questions 4) chance upon pack who give serve as my references that go out certainly lead astray me to authority employers 5) bring my resume, device drivers license, well-disposed security and former(a) apposite documents 6) sell myself by proudly and confidently stating my strengths, abilities, etc and 7) say give thanks you to the person who provided me with the fortune to be interviewed (Ten.., 2007).References authorize vocational nanny California. (2007). Retrieved April 17, 2007 fromhttp//education-portal.com/licensed_vocational_nurse_california.htmlTen Tips on Preparing for a think over Interview. Retrieved April 17, 2007 fromh ttp//www.allbusiness.com/human-resources/careers-job-interview/11120-2.htmlUS assurance of mash Statistics. (2006). Licensed vocational Nurses. Retrieved April 17, 2007from http//www.bls.gov/oco/ocos102.htm